Are You a Self Motivator? Essay

Absolutely. I can always find something productive that needs doing. * I’m very motivated to do a good job at what I take on, and I like to stay busy. * I am a self motivator, and I take great pride in my job as a nurse. â€Å"Do you plan to make nursing your career? † * I do! I absolutely love being a nurse, and the satisfaction that comes with helping patients is incredibly rewarding to me. * I love being a nurse, and there are so many opportunities for learning and growth that I believe that I can spend my entire career satisfied and challenged in nursing. As a career, nursing offers so many opportunities that I find exciting. I plan to continue my education, and progress in the field. â€Å"Do you prefer to work alone, or as part of a team? † * That depends on the circumstances. I enjoy being part of a treatment and support team, but I also like the autonomy of working alone. * I believe that nursing in a hospital is a team effort, and I really enjoy making m y contribution to the team. * You need a certain amount of independence to work without the daily support of a team. As an in home nurse, I enjoy the one-on-one with my patients. â€Å"How do you handle stress on the job? † * By focusing on the most important thing, the care of the patient. I feel I owe it to my patients to stay calm and focused on them. * In the ER setting, there are often stressful situations that arise. I just make sure that the stresses of the job don’t interfere with the care of the patient. * I am generally an easy going person, and I don’t allow on the job stress to interfere with my work. * How do you envision your career  progressing? I would like to gain experience and continue my education so that I can grow in my career as a nurse, potentially moving into a supervisory capacity down the line. * I would like to gain experience at each level of nursing, and pursue my education as the opportunity arises. * There are many different paths that a nursing career can follow. Since I am just beginning my career, there are a number of opportunities that I f ind intriguing. During my training, I really enjoyed that fast pace of the ER, as well as assisting during surgery.

Learning Expirience

Learning Experience PSY/103 Learning Experience Experience can shape our behavior and personality. More over our experiences contribute to our development over time. Learning process occurs when we experience situation that have negative or positive effect on us. In this essay I will briefly describe my personal learning experience; I will also define the concept of learning, and will provide analysis of what I have learned from this experience. In addition my essay will include the analysis and application of classical and operant conditioning as well as cognitive- social learning.My Experience Every person’s identity is formed by the various roles that they perform in the world. In fact becoming a mother is one more such role and it has psychological implications. Four month ago I became a mother to a wonderful, my first baby boy. The experience of giving birth, as well as being home with a newborn for the first few weeks was overwhelming, painful, and emotionally tiring. I am 25 years old and was so exciting to becoming a mother, however when my son was born for the first few weeks I have experienced anxiety, stress, depression, fear and even anger.It has been almost 4 month and my baby is my life, I cannot imagine how I was getting frustrated and feeling all those things when my baby is my joy. Today I am still tired, and stressed, however anger and depression is gone. I have learned from this experience that I need to accept the change in my life, and avoid becoming frustrated. Being prepared for things to be different could have prepared me to deal with situation differently. Also positive attitude should have been my best ally instead of being afraid and having negative thoughts.At last I have learned from this experience that I need to try to develop a new and balanced lifestyle that takes into consideration all areas of my new life. Learning Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience (David A. K olb, 1984). As we learn, we alter the way we perceive our environment, the way we interpret the incoming stimuli, and therefore the way we interact, or behave (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012). Learning through Classical Conditioning One of the best-known characteristics of behavioral learning theory is classical conditioning.Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012). There are basic principles of classical conditioning process. Such as the unconditioned stimulus (UC) and unconditioned response (UR), as well as conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR) (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012). The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response (â€Å"The propositional nature of human associative learning,† 2009).For example, baby crying made me feel sad and frustrated, and baby smiling made me fee l loved, happy and positive. For instance, when I saw my bay for the first time the feeling of pain was simply gone. As I spend those first weeks with my baby although I have had mood swings and feeling of anger sometimes, however every time I looked at my baby I naturally felt better and calmer. The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus. For example, feel of love in response to my baby smile is unconditioned stimulus.The conditioned stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response (â€Å"The propositional nature of human associative learning,† 2009). For example, when my baby cried I felt frustration and in the same time my husband was trying to explain me something thus my husband voice would be conditioned stimulus. Although the sound of my husband voice is unrelated to my baby’s cry and feeling of frustration, if the sound of his voice was paired multiple times with the baby’s cry, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response.The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. For instance, feeling frustrated when I heard my husband talking to me. In my view classical conditioning is a useful technique that can be applied by creating a positive environment to help people to overcome anxiety, fear and frustration. For example, a situation like my baby’s crying with pleasant surroundings would have helped me to learn new associations. Instead of feeling anxious, frustrated and angry in that situation, I learn to stay relax and calm (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012).Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a technique of learning that happens through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior (â€Å"The pr opositional nature of human associative learning,† 2009). The elimination of an undesirable outcome can be used to decrease or prevent undesirable behavior. Feeling frustrated, being angry with situation simply led to more stress and created more problems for myself emotionally and physically.Positive reinforcement: Getting to know my baby, his first smile and lough created a positive and happy environment thus increasing my positive behavior. To conclude learning process revolves around human life. People learn something new every single day, thus creating new experiences and knowledge. Self-development and growth naturally occurs through learning. References WILEY PLUS: Carpenter, S. and Huffman, K. (2010). Visualizing Psychology (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley The Propositional Nature of Human Associative Learning (2009, fall). BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, (32), 183-246. doi:10. 1017/S0140525X09000855

M.U.N. Position Paper: Algeria’s Stance on ISIS Essay

Algeria is home to millions of people, including those of all faiths. As one of North Africa’s leading military powers, our government swore to protect the people of Algeria. However, the recent encroachment of the ISIL group throughout much of Syria and Iraq has caused major concerns throughout the international community. ISIL is growing stronger everyday, and they have been encouraging jihad towards western countries. It is the duty of Algeria to ensure the safety of our citizens, and action must be taken to destroy this cancer. Recently, the self-proclaimed Jund Al-Khilafah in Syria group has executed a French citizen. Algeria feels strongly against jihad. It is a shame that Algerian men who have been blinded by ISIL were involved in such an incident. Algeria takes a firm stance against the actions undertaken by ISIL. Algeria has been building strong relationships with many of its European neighbors to the north. The implementation of the European Neighborhood Policy has r esulted in us developing closer ties to many European powers. We stand by our European allies in these dangerous times. However, Algeria is not yet ready to commit military resources towards directly fighting ISIS. Algeria must deal with domestic terrorism issues first before going through with any plan to fight ISIS. Even though these domestic terrorist groups have pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi, Algeria has built up a military capable of defending its people. We have the second strongest military in North Africa, and we maintain arms deals with European powers. We have a standing army of about 150,000 soldiers, with another 150,000 in reserve. Algeria also has multiple paramilitary wings, including approximately 200,000 additional personnel. We are capable of joining the international coalition in airstrikes against Syria due to our deals with Russia. Russia, throughout the years, has sold us multiple bombers and fighter jets, allowing us to hit ground targets from above. There is no question that Algeria would be capable of defending us from the clutches of ISIL. While Algeria is capable to launching airstrikes on ISIS targets along with the international community, to join the coalition in airstrikes against the ISIL threat is still a premature move. Our primary concern is the safety of our citizens, and we do not wish to aggravate a hornet nest. Note: I apologize for it being less than two pages.

Design Research Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Design Research Report - Case Study Example The researchers expect to assess and evaluate any gathering techniques that have been employed internationally by baseball teams in making identical changes, and will use the most current data available. Aspects of special interest will include statistics on local market visits, data on executive meetings and in-person discussions with baseball managing executives of various teams, any analyses on regional trends in terms of the use of new facilities by base ball teams, data on existing conditions in the Atlanta Braves’ local market, and the assessment of facility data from competitive regional sports markets and facilities. The matter to be investigated in this research will be of great value to sports managers and policy makers. In examining different aspects that play a significant role in determining the choice to relocate to a new stadium, or the option to renovate the existing stadium, there are greater possibilities of gaining a fresh understanding of how such decisions can positively affect both the teams in question, performance-wise, and the surrounding community. This research could also come up with new methods of determining the true effects of such changes on the team and the surrounding community. This study’s agenda ought to be able to assist by providing baseball’s policy makers with more information on how to fashion their investments in such a way that they get the greatest benefits from them. To meet this research’s objectives, the researchers will investigate the evaluation techniques, as well as examine the impact hypothesis from previous studies carried out in the last ten years. The researchers will also examine factors that ought to be considered by any baseball management team, in terms of social, economical, and property aspects, before deciding on renovations or the construction of new stadia. This research will also provide an opportunity to determine if an analysis of the research’s

Gene Expression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gene Expression - Essay Example Before we start to Compare and contrast transgenic methods for manipulating gene expression between Drosophila and vertebrate animals let us discuss in brief about what is gene expression and function of genes Gene expression Genes exert their effects on the phenotype. The biological information is contained in the base sequence of DNA. Gene expression is the process by which this information is made available to the cell. This has been described by the central dogma. This states that information is transferred from DNA to RNA and RNA to a protein. During expression gene synthesis from mRNA molecule, into which information has been transferred in the form of genetic code. This synthesis of mRNA from of the strands of the DNA molecule is called transcription. The first step in gene expression is called transcription. Two strands of DNA separate, only one them act as template for the transcription into mRNA in 5’ïÆ'  3’ direction. This strand is non coding (antisense) strand and the other stand of DNA is coding strand (sense strand). This synthesis of polypeptide chain or a protein from mRNA is called translation.... Many genes express whenever the product is required and the expression is regulated. These genes are called regulated genes. Certain genes are expressed as a function of the interaction between RNA polymerase with promoter without any regulation. Such genes are called constitutive genes. They are constantly needed for cellular activities. Flow of genetic information from DNA to protein through RNA was described by crick as central dogma of molecular biology. The studies of bacterial genetics indicate that all genes not only specify the structure of an enzyme but some of them also regulate the expression of other genes. These genes are called regulator genes. This concept of gene regulation has been studied by Franois Jacob and Jacques monod in 1961.the relationship between the nucleotide sequence of mRNA and amino acid sequence that constitute a polypeptide chain is called as genetic code. Gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster Introduction Heterochromatin was originally defined visually as the heavily staining region seen in both the meiotic and interphase nucleus (hietz 1928). The contrast between the openness of euchromantin and the compactness of the heterochromatic implied that the euchromatic is the location of most gene function and led to the neglect of heterochromatin. However, it has become increasingly clear that the nuclear genome is more than a collection of autonomous DNA sequence and that a deeper knowledge of the structure of the nucleus and the chromatin, including the heterochromatin, will contribute to our understanding of the gene expression. In Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin accounts for approximately 30 % of the genome. Its properties have been studied since the advent

Harley Davidson marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words - 1

Harley Davidson marketing plan - Essay Example The Harley-Davidson Motor Company was incorporated in 1981, and primarily designs, manufactures, and sells heavyweight (i.e. engine displacement of 651+cc) touring, custom, and performance motorcycles, and a complete range of motorcycle parts, accessories, clothing and collectibles. It is the only major US-based motorcycle manufacturer, and leading marketer of heavyweight motorcycles. It has the largest share of US heavyweight motorcycle market since 1986, in terms of retail sales of new motorcycles. It markets its products and services through a worldwide network of more than 1,300 dealerships. The principal HD dealership for the entire European region has its headquarters at Oxford Business Park in the UK, and it was incorporated in 1989 (Key Note, 2012). The purpose of this study is to arrive at a strategic marketing plan that would enable Harley-Davidson UK to maintain its market competitiveness and possibly advance its position in the motorcycle manufacturing and retail industry . It shall examine the macro-economic environment of the motorcycle industry in UK, provide a micro-economic analysis of the industry in the form of a SWOT analysis, and construct perceptual maps of the company before proceeding to specify a marketing mix by which HD-UK may best address its market. 1. Assumptions This market plan aims to provide a forward-looking study into the prospects of Harley Davidson-UK insofar as it caters to the UK motorcycle market. Inasmuch as the study shall be proposing courses of action which will extend into the future, and therefore be constrained by environmental conditions beyond what can be foreseen at present. Certain assumptions shall therefore be made pursuant to which the following analyses and discussions shall be guided by. Global economy shall continue to gradually recover, but no strong growth is expected; Reduced emissions targets to be imposed, as agreed to in the Kyoto Protocol, for the global markets; The UK economy shall continue to be burdened by large budget and trade deficit. Present trends in tastes and preferences for heavyweight motorcycles remain constant; and It is also important to identify at this point the particular segment of the market which this market analysis shall deal with. Technically, motorcycles are two-wheelers that cover a wide range of specifications, engine designs and capacities. These include low-powered bikes that are more typically referred to as mopeds; also on-road (street legal), racetrack only, and off-road motorcycles (Research and Markets, 2011). For the purpose of this study, the segment of the market for heavyweight touring, custom, and performance motorcycles, referring to models with engine displacement of 651cc and higher, shall be the focus of study since it is to this particular market that HD products cater to. 2. Macro-environmental Analysis (PESTLE) Political – The UK adheres to the Westminster system, a strong democratic, parliamentary system of governance tha t ensures sufficient separation of powers among the executive branch (led by the prime minister), the bicameral legislature, and the judiciary. The structure also ensures that checks and balances apply. The World Bank avers that the UK is one of the most successful countries in so far as the application of the rule of law, control of corruption, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality are concerned. For government

African and Hispanic Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

African and Hispanic Americans - Essay Example Within the context of America's ethnic hierarchy, there is little doubt that both African and Hispanic Americans occupy the bottom tier. Not withstanding the fact that the Democratic Party's current presidential primaries has an African America, Barack Obama, and a Hispanic American, Bill Richardson, competing for the party's nomination, members of either ethnic group tend to be politically, economically and socially marginalized.Not only have the African Americans been in this county for close to four centuries but, they played an integral and often overlooked role in the creation of the United States. Forcibly brought into the country by slave traders and sold as slave laborers, owned property, to plantation owners and, to a lesser extent, factor owners and industrialists, the African American labor played a seminal role in the development, even creation, of the American economy.America and its economy may have been founded upon the forced labor, blood, sweat and tears of its Afric an population but, rather than be credited for it, this ethnic group has spent the greater part of its history in America s dehumanized beings. From the 1600 until the Civil War they were regarded as property and denied, by law, the right to literacy. From the Civil War until the Civil Rights Movement, they were subjected to Jim Crow laws which barely recognized their humanity and irrevocably cast them as sub-human and inferior to all other ethnic groups. It was only from the 1960s and onwards that the African Americans began to acquire their civil rights, with state and federal laws gradually changing to reflect official recognition and acknowledgement of their equality. Indeed, within the context of these laws, discrimination against African American is illegal. Although African Americans have integrated into American culture, they have formed their own sub-culture, complete with their own linguistic variation, Ebonics. The point here is that consequent to mainstream America's centuries-long abuse and as a direct outcome of continued undertones of racism, African Americans have somewhat retreated into their own culture and communities. Needless to say, their continued disadvantaged economic status, largely an outcome of constrained educational, social and occupational opportunities has hardly facilitated their complete assimilation into America, per se. Quite simply stated, relations between white and black America are somewhat tense and while they are tolerated by the mainstream WASP America, the color-blind culture as yet to set it. While a significant percentage of African Americans are of middle class status and the group, as a whole, is politically active and organized, the majority remains economically, educationally, socially, occupationally and politically marginalized. Indeed, the African Americans comprise one of the most disadvantaged of the country's ethnic and racial groups. With a long history of settlement in this country behind them, the later waves of Hispanic labor immigration to America, on the one hand, and political asylum seekers, on the other, largely lend to the impression that the Hispanics constitute one of the newer ethnic groups in America. This is not at all the case and their history in America almost rivals that of the African American in length. Possibly, the tendency to categorize all Latin and Central American groups as Hispanic, rather than accurately identify them as Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican and such, has contributed to this impression. Establishing distinctions is important because once one does so, one finds that the Cubans are in a relatively higher position than are the

Risk and Returns Calculations Impact of Mathematics in Finance Essay

Risk and Returns Calculations Impact of Mathematics in Finance - Essay Example Financial calculations and theories are not complete and effective unless they are linked with Mathematical concepts. Indeed there has been a great impact of mathematics in the financial stream. The mathematical concepts has enable the business doing individuals take more effective decisions related to financing, investments, capital budgeting and so on. Moreover, an investment decision calls for a Ã' areful evaluation of available alternatives, assessing of the reward and risk associated with each of the alternatives that are believed to best serve the investment objectives at hand.For instance, while making the decisions regarding investment and financing, the finance managers seek to achieve the right balance between risk and return.If the firm borrows heavily to finance its operations, then the surpluses generated out of operations would be sufficient to service the debt in the form of interest and principal payments.The surplus or profit available to the owners would be reduced because of the heavy ‘Debt – servicing’. If things do not work out as planned and the firm is unable to meet its obligations, the company is even exposed to the risk of insolvency. Similarly the various investment opportunities have a certain amount of risk associated with the return and also the time when the return would materialize.The Finance manager has to decide whether the opportunity is worth more than its cost, and whether the additional burden of debt can be safely borne

Prenatal and Post-Partum Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prenatal and Post-Partum Scenario - Essay Example Anxiety, fear and other intense emotions which are a part of stress cause exaggerated production of adrenaline which causes restriction of blood flow to the uterine area causing deprivation of adequate oxygen to the fetus. Thus stress can lead to premature delivery and its consequences. Stress in pregnancy also have long-term consequences like behavioural problems in childhood (Santrock, 2004). 3. The pregnant woman must undergo ultrasound examination for fetal anomalies between 18- 20 weeks of gestation. At this point of time, all organs are developed and it becomes easier to detect any obvious congenital anomalies through ultrasound at this stage. According to ecological theory, several biological and environmental factors affect the growth of the fetus and the child (Santrock, 2004). Thus a normal nutrition and a stress-free environment is essential for normal development of the fetus. 1. The child must be breast fed as much as possible. According to Freuds theory of development, infants are in the oral stage of development and derive gratification from sucking (Santrock, 2004). Derivation of such pleasure at this stage allows them to have satisfaction and facilitates growth and development. 2. The mother should shower affection on the child and not do any thing to harm the child. According to Eriksons first psychosocial stage, trust is developed at this stage and the infant sets stage for expectation that the world is a pleasant and goof place to live. the expectation which begins at this stage lasts life long. 3. The mother should allow the child to touch, feel and explore various things on his/her own. According to Pigets cognitive developmental theory, the first stage is the stage of sensorimotor stage during which time the infant develops and understanding of the world through coordination of various sensory experiences through various physical actions (Santrock,

Evidence-Based Practice Paper and Intervention Presentation on Essay

Evidence-Based Practice Paper and Intervention Presentation on Diabetes (Benchmark Assessment) - Essay Example Primarily, DM diagnosis relies on the measurement of plasma glucose levels. This diagnostic mode is effective in detecting diabetics and pre-diabetics, but it does not offer a clear mode of assessing resultant complications, which often start in the vascular system. The diagnosis therefore, only tests tolerance to glucose, and not the associated risks such as the vascular risks (Pavri, 2001). The further assessment of risk may be necessary in monitoring the condition and administration of treatment, but it has not been available. However, a recent research by Zampetaki and others has led to the discovery of biomarkers that can be used in diagnosing and monitoring type II diabetes and its associated risk (Zampetaki et al., 2010). Description of Diagnostic Tool The new diagnostic tool uses microarray screening and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) processes to monitor MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which have been positively associated with the development of the condition and its progres sion. This new tool offers significant prognostic ability to predict and monitor type II DM. The miRNAs are small group of RNAs not involved in coding. They instead work as repressors in translation (Zampetaki et al., 2010). The miRNAs bind to complementing sites by base pairing on untranslated portions of the target mRNA. They are responsible for directing repression or degradation of the transcripts. Research has shown that miRNAs influence stress responses, oncogenesis, development and angiogenesis. They also play a significant role in endothelial cell functioning as well as the regulation of angiogenic potential and inflammations. The study found that miRNAs change prior to the start of type II DM (Zampetaki et al., 2010). The changes were narrowed to miRNA-126, which was found to profoundly change with type II DM (Larkin, 2010). This provided proof for a plasma Micro-RNA signature for patients with type II DM, thus suggesting a possible prognostic value in monitoring and diagno sing DM (Zampetaki et al., 2010). Summary of Research The study on miRNAs and DM was part of a wider Italy-based Bruneck Research on various conditions including cardiovascular diseases. The study was initiated in 1990 by â€Å"King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre (Larkin, 2010).† The researchers sampled and measured miRNAs from a total of 822 participants. Some of the participants had type II DM, whereas; others were controls. The measurements were conducted in five phases on an annual basis from 1990 to 2005. The use of microarray screening and real-time PCR identified 700 miRNAs. The researchers then used miRNA relevance network inference technique to understand the miRNAs regulatory networks. The technique revealed changes in the levels of some five miRNAs prior to the start of type II DM. Notably, miRNA-126 was found to show a consistent decline, which was correlated to the incidence and prevalence of type II DM (Zampetaki et al., 2010). The fact that miRNA-126 is significant in wound repair and vessel health implies that its decline is an indicator of vascular risk levels associated with DM. miRNA-126 is rich in normally functioning endothelial cells and its decline associated with DM may be an indicator of the progression of deterioration caused by DM, which increases vascular risk (Zampetaki et al., 2010). As such, miRNA can be a significant prognostic tool in monitoring DM and associated risks (Larkin, 2010). The study

Developing an Alternative Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 99

Developing an Alternative Strategy - Case Study Example Dubai One has an experienced workforce. After being in existence for a very long time, the subordinates have gained enough experience on how to retain the competitive advantage of the company in the market. The company does not focus on customer relationship management. Instead, it focuses more on the revenues and how to suppress the competitors. This can be used by the competitors to attract the attention of the customers towards their services. The cost structure is not effective. The business model being used by the firm which is based on selling half-hour slots of commercial time to program producers and charging them with a minimum guarantee is not effective and sustainable in the modern market. The internal factor is the most significant for the existence of the business. With the increasing levels of globalization resulting from the liberalization of markets, efficient flow of information and integration of economies, the firm needs to sort out the internal factor if it has to remain competitive. An alternative strategy would be to merge with one of the firms in order to strengthen the company in the market. Through the new firm that would emerge through merging, the company should change its competitive strategies by adopting the new tactics that were used by the private firm. This would strengthen the company’s position in the market. Acquiring new employees who were in the private sector would enhance the company’s chances of privatizing its operations. I think the proposed alternative is the best because it will allow the company to evolve and diversify its operations. At the moment, the company is rigid to changes and relies on its tactics on program producers to retain its competitive edge. However, the new proposal will make the firm use its funds more efficiently through expanding its operations to the untapped market.

The Perfect Storm Film Essay Example for Free

The Perfect Storm Film Essay My favorite part of The Perfect Storm actually happens when Bobby Shatford, and Albert Pierre have a bad premonition and decide not to go on the trip. Knowing they are right adds to the suspense of the situation. This part of the book is the most unbelievable though because the trip is their job, it seems like they would go. The most believable part was how the storm is described. It might seem unrealistic but I think it is tame to what can happen in the ocean. There are all kinds of dangers in the ocean. Over all I do not like the suffering of the people on the boat and also the later suffering of the people of the town. While I did not like the suffering my favorite character was in fact the storm, the storm represented so much such as nature herself, the unbeatable opponent, etc. The storm was the most crucial character in the book. The ending was all right but not what I expected. I had thought the book would be a lot different starting with some guys going to sea then going through a storm and either ending in the storm or shortly after but a lot of info was given about fishing, and the ending went farther then I expected. The title fits the book because during the book you are told about the past and how bad the sea can be and then this storm happens that could happen at any time now or when people first began fishing in Glouster and it is as nasty a storm as you can imagine. A major theme of the book was man vs. nature.

MNCs in China: Recruitment and Selection Practices

MNCs in China: Recruitment and Selection Practices Research Proposal: The Study of Recruitment and Selection Practices of MNCs in China As an increasing number of organizations enter the global business arena, the number and extent of business representatives crossing international borders has surged dramatically (Graf, 2004). It is, thus, imperative for multinational corporations (MNCs) to attract, select, develop and retain employees who can live and work effectively outside of their own national borders (Caligiuri, 2000). Simultaneously, accompanied by the increase of local employees, these MNCs have begun to recruit qualified members from local labour market in their host-countries. In China, owing to these MNCs competitive salary and good work condition, the recruitment often attracts many peoples attention. However, Chinas historical development, political structure and culture, international relations influence its economy and foreign trade. Also, Chinas special infrastructure and energy structure, legal framework pose a challenge to business. Therefore, some standardized recruitment and selection methods dev eloped in home country have to be modified according to Chinese situation. In that case, the study of recruitment and selection practices of MNCs in China, actually, illustrates how to develop IHRM practices under conditions of high cultural and institutional distance between partners. LITERATURE REVIEW Nowadays, a number of studies have examined the degree to which subsidiary HRM practices resemble those of host country organizations, an indication of transfer of practices from the MNC parent company to overseas units (e.g. Lu Bjorkman, 1997; Wang, 2002; Dana, 2005). These body researches have identified a range of host country, MNC home country, MNC, and subsidiary factors associated with the pattern of HRM in overseas units. However, these literatures speak more to describe the continuity and change between home- host-country in strategic level and analyze the different patterns of HRM in foreign subsidiaries than to concentrate on one area of HRM practices in a specific and systematic way and the means of transfer. Additionally, the limited empirical work that has been carried out on the processes of HRM transfer has typically adopted an MNC control and coordination perspective to describe and explain how HRM is diffused across borders, often revealing the use of multiple mech anisms both direct and unobtrusive in nature (Myloni Mirza, 2004). In depth case studies, on the other hand, have typically focused on a broader range of mechanisms or HRM practices, but have typically concentrated only on cultural or power relations explanations behind their usage (e.g. Martin and Beaumont, 1999; Ferner et al, 2005). In light of the above discussion, my study will focus on recruitment and selection practices of MNCs in China through which detailed practices are transferred to foreign subsidiaries. The goals of this research are 1) to describe these recruitment and selection practices how to manipulate in their Chinas subsidiaries in a specific and systematic way, especially concentrate on their recruitment and selection methods in practical, 2), to analyze the means and influences of transfer these recruitment and selection practices to Chinas HRM and 3) to find out why there are systematic differences found in the use of integration mechanisms for different recruitment selection practices. As Gary (2006) said that there was basically no enterprise-level human resource management in China between 1949 and the 1990s. Until now, in terms of selection and recruitment process, Chinese enterprises do not have systematic policies as complicated as those of MNCs. When MNCs import the selection and recruitment process from their parent company, actually, they also introduce the advanced selection and recruitment concept to China. However, they have to pursue recruitment rules in line with the local legislations. Therefore, studies on the manipulation and transfer of recruitment and selection practices in MNCs will come to further recognise the pertinence of the individual HRM practices and the HR function. Furthermore, it is significant and practical to study the MNCs recruitment methods in China, which can help us to have a further understanding to the IHRM and the development of the HRM in China. This study seeks to fill the gap by evaluating the MNCs recruitment and selectio n practices in China and provide a new perspective to Chinese local enterprises in how to introduce these practices and manipulate them. From it we can know in what aspects the MNCs recruitment and selection practices are more rational and scientific than Chinese local enterprises. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The purpose of the paper is to determine and empirically examine the multinational corporations how to manipulate recruitment and selection practices in China. For the purpose of this paper I present followed questions in order to exhibit a panorama of MNCs recruitment and selection status quo in China. The first question is Who do they want? Large multinational corporations, along with domestic Chinese companies, are finding that acquiring talented employees is more than ever, one of their greatest challenges in China. Strangely, China has long been known as a largest source of labor. Why these MNCs still feel the shortage of employees? What kind of people do these MNCs want? Do they have some common characteristics? Do they have some different requests when they recruit people in China and from their parent country? Therefore, the first step is to define the job and the person firstly, namely, how to determine a job vacancy in these MNCs? How many steps to determine it? All of these relevant questions will be addressed in this part. It will portray an explicit scene to readers about the preliminary phase demand of MNCs recruitment in China. The second question is How do they attract the people they want? As Iles and Salaman (1995) said, the actual channels or vehicles used to attract candidatesseem to influence whether the right kind of applicants are encouraged to apply, and to persist in their application. Organisaitons can choose from a wide variety of methods, including the use of informal personal contacts, formal personal contacts, notice boards, advertising, and external assistance. Which methods are the most popular and useful? How to choose the methods? Is it relevant to the level of the vacancy and its importance within the organization? The third question is How do they identify them? The stages described above constitute recruitment, and are primarily concerned with generating a sufficient pool of applicants. The focus now shifts to selection, and the net stages concentrate on assessing the suitability of candidates. There is no denying saying that various selection techniques are available, and a selection procedure will frequently involve the use of more than one. The most popular techniques will be outlined in my paper, and their validity, effectiveness and cost also will be discussed in Chinas context. Are they still useful? Are they need to be modified when introduce them to China? The last question is How do they know they have got it right? The final stage of the recruitment and selection process concerns measurement of its success, both qualitatively and quantitatively. ACAS guidelines suggest that any recruitment and selection system should be based on three fundamental principles: effectiveness, efficiency and fairness (ACAS, 1983). Furthermore, we should not forget that ethical issues arise concerning the treatment of people during recruitment and selection which always make the recruitment and selection be more complexity. Therefore, what methods could have been used to monitor the effectiveness of the recruitment campaign? And what could be done to integrate national and regional recruitment? RESEARCH DESIGN Research Approach To avoid analysis paralysis, it is important that the business analyst not delve into too much detail too early in a project. It is more important to understand the forest than worrying about each and every tree. Of key importance is not to fall into the black hole of technical detail and exception (Yin, 2003). Yet, as discussed by Whetten (1989), two different approaches may be taken, or combined. In the first, the researcher works within an explicit theoretical framework. Therefore, a theoretical framework becomes a researchers first cut at making some explicit theoretical statements (Miles Huberman, 1994). This approach is known as deduction. In the second, the researcher tries not to be constrained by prior theory and instead sees the development of relevant theory, propositions, and concepts as a purpose of the project. This approach is generally known as induction. However, it is often the case that much research starts with testing a given theory or literature bust also seeks to generate new insights into these topics possibly by investigating this in different contexts and therefore, this research is iterative in its approach to theory. It adopts a flexible approach by seeking to use the literature but extend this to different research settings to generate new insights in order to modify, adapt or qualify the existing theory on the field of study. In that case, in this research both approaches will be combined since the main intent is to study a relatively un-researched topic -from the practical manipulating perspective to study the MNCs recruitment and selection practices in the background of China, within the bounds of an already well-established research program (theory of recruitment and selection practices in MNC). Hence, I choose not to ignore previous work in the field. I intend to develop a conceptual model built on over ten years of research that is a conceptual advance on the literature. The model of the participation context within which MNCs in China operated is comprised of at least four sets of issues. These issues will be then used to develop the initial coding scheme for the qualitative analysis of data. However, given that this study is aimed at theory building, not theory testing, the theoretical framework and conceptual model will be used solely as a guide. It help make sense of what occurred in the field, e nsured that important issues will not be overlooked, provided a set of provisional constructs to be investigated, and guided my interpretation and focus. Subsequent analysis iterations can then delve into the exception situations and details. This use of the theory accords with Klein Myers (2001) recommendation that the empirical research needs to be guided by (or at least informed by) one or more social theories. Research Inquiry After this initial review of the research questions and research approach, the research inquiry most appropriate to the problem would be descriptive and exploratory. Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how (Kotler et al., 2006). The object of descriptive research is to portray an accurate profile of persons, events and situations. Exactly, the first step of my research is to establish an explicit profile of these MNCs how to manipulate the recruitment and selection practices in China. Exploratory research, which also will be used in my dissertation is a type of research conducted because a problem has not been clearly defined (Kerlinger, 1986). Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. Given its fundamental nature, exploratory research ofte n concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist. The results of exploratory research are not usually useful for decision-making by themselves, but they can provide significant insight into a given situation (Kotler et al., 2006). In my dissertation, I will focus on through clearing about the MNCs manipulation practices on recruitment and selection in China exploring new insight to this topic. When framing descriptive questions in research we must clarify our unit of analysis. It is the major entity that is being analyzed in the study. It is the what or whom that is being studied (Earl, 2005). The unit of analysis in my dissertation is group, the MNCs subsidiaries in China. Research Design Exploratory research often relies on secondary research such as reviewing available literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or pilot studies (Kotler et al., 2006). And the descriptive research describes characteristics of a population on phenomenon and tries to understand the nature of the problem. Therefore, the secondary research and survey are the main research design. Secondary data, which is historical data mainly include previously collected, census of population and literature survey. And the survey design is most frequently associated with deductive strategy because it is often based on testing a theory. As Saunders et al (2007) note that surveys allow for the collection of a large amount of data from a sizable population. The survey data also allows a lot of control over the data an d makes generalizations by using sampling procedures rather than surveying the entire population. The type of survey is cross-sectional studies (also known as cross-sectional analysis), which form a class of research methods that involve observation of some subset of a population of items all at the same time, in which, groups can be compared at different sections with respect of independent variables (William, 2006). Research Site The type of organization that I would study is the subsidiary of MNC in China, especially the top 500 companies. Compared to other companies, these top 500 companies always have a good reputation at their mature, systematic and advanced management techniques. These companies almost spread all over the economic sector in China and produce important influences to Chinese economy and society. Furthermore, owing to these top 500 MNCs more competitive salary and good work condition, their recruitment often attracts many peoples attention. Most of these companies are concentrated on Chinese big cities, such as Shanghai and Beijing. The theoretical sampling is the sampling way I will choose. The goal of theoretical sampling is not the same as with the probabilistic sampling; the researchers goal is not the representative capture of all possible variations, but to gain a deeper understanding of analysed cases and facilitate the development of analytic frame  and concepts  used in their r esearch (Charles, 1994). RESEARCH METHODS There are mainly two research methods would be used in my dissertation. The first is the review of current relevant articles focusing on recruitment and selection practices in MNCs. It will help me to build the main theory framework of the dissertation. This method is often the most feasible one, particularly for students or others with restricted time and resources, and can legitimately be used provided its limitations are clearly understood and stated. Furthermore, it also has the bigger and more representative sample in related field. I will screen papers by recruitment and selection and by numerous variants of keywords, focusing specifically on China, MNC, assessment center, and work sampling etc.. Source papers will be chose just from refereed research studies, surveys and empirical reports conducted by companies official website, local offices of international HR consulting firms, and articles from professional journals and news sources. The second research method is the survey, which is the most important source of supplementary material to the dissertation. That is, based on the theory framework, the results of survey can be a supplement to these theories and provide practices examples to them. These surveys covered five areas, including the recruitment and selection process, the recruitment methods, the selection methods, the recruitment and selection principles, and other archival documents will also be collected. Furthermore, it also can provide some new insight to the dissertation through the open-ended interviews. Here, personal interviews, telephone surveys, mail surveys, and computer direct interviews will be conducted. In-depth survey, based on semi-structured questionnaires and open-ended interviews with general managers, HR directors, and employees in HR Department will be carried out over a period of two months. Now, there are a lot of chat groups on the internet through QQ (the most popular chat softwar e in China) and MSN. Once you join these HR professional chat groups, you can know hundreds of people who are engaged in the work related HR and get the contact way of them, most of time is email address. Through these chat groups I have known a lot of people who are working in different subsidiaries of MNCs in China. Some of them are employee in HR department, but some of them even are the HR directors in these company. Furthermore, some of my pre-classmates and friends are working in MNCs, they also can help me to finish the surveys. Therefore, I intend to distribute approx 400 questionnaires through email and at least 20 interviews through face-to-face, computer, or telephone to achieveà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ from June through August of 2008 in Beijing and Shanghai. Compared to the telephone interview, face-to-face interview, and computer direct interview, email surveys are both very economical and very fast. It allows the respondent to answer at their leisure, rather than at the often inconvenient moment they are contacted for a phone or personal interview. For this reason, they are not considered as intrusive as other kinds of interviews. However, many people dislike unsolicited email even more than unsolicited regular mail. (Selwyn and Robson,1998). Furthermore, in order to get more detail data, face-to-face interview is necessary. Longer interviews are sometimes tolerated. Particularly with in-home interviews that have been arranged in advance. People may be willing to talk longer face-to-face than to someone on the phone. Considered some inconvenient factors, telephone interview and computer direct interview also can be a supplementary method. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERTATIONS The empirical paradigm holds assumptions based on the supposition that an external world of objects exist, that the assumptions can be measured independently of one another, that these objects are lawfully interrelated, and that the relationships are mediated by a real force in objects that is called causation (Cook, 1983). In order to determine causal relationships in a test environment, generalizability is of utmost importance (Runkel and McGrath, 1972). Yet if I wish to generalize my findings, scope and variance must be emphasized generalizability. One solution to this problem is to perform a greater number of observations, which has a dual effect: first, it increases the sample population, which heightens generalizability; second, precision can be reasonably maintained because the random errors between observations will average out. However, no matter how carefully these three forms of generalizability are applied, there is no absolute guarantee that the results obtained in a stu dy will occur in every situation outside the study (Firestone, 1993). Reliability refers to the degree of consistency with which instances are assigned to the same category by different observers or by the same observer on different occasions. As mentioned in above, through studying MNCs recruitment and selection practices in China, I hope it could be a good reference to Chinese local enterprise when they introduce and use these recruitment and selection methods. Therefore, I should consider more related environmental and social factors in a big background. Furthermore, in order to enhance the reliability of study, all of the respondents I will choose are those who are working in subsidiaries of MNCs in China. Generally, in qualitative research measurement validity is considered to be high because the researcher is close to the research setting and is responsible for data collection. Therefore, in qualitative research validity always relates to whether there is a good match between researchers observations and the theoretical ideas they develop (Bryman, 2001) On the one hand, I choose to use the literature review to build the basic framework of the dissertation, which can make sure I can get the most reliable, extensive and completed data. On the other hand, questionnaires and interviews can help me to get new insight and practical examples to this topic. Furthermore, there are a lot of conventional approaches to enhance the validity of qualitative data. Generally, theoretical sampling which I intend to use in this dissertation can be viewed as a technique of data triangulation: using independent pieces of information to get a better fix on something that is only partially known or underst ood (Charles, 1994). Also, the Refutability Principle which I will obey stresses that we must avoid the temptation to jump easily into conclusions just because there is some evidence that seems to lead in an interesting direction. Instead, we must subject the evidence to every possible test. Compared to other practices, recruitment and selection are always assumed to have high compatibility between countries because they are characterized by the technical ingredients attached to various positions (cf. Anderson, 1992; Watson, 1994). However, owing to directly utilizing some commonly-applied western theoretical frameworks and instruments, findings may not fully detect the cultural nuances in the Chinese employees; the narrowly geographically-concentrated sampling and access may prevent generalization of findings to the broad Chinese context. Obviously, with the limitation of the data, additional research is needed to develop the topic further, which until now has been largely black-boxed. References Anderson, G. (1992) Selection. In Towers, B. (ed.) Handbook of Human Resource Management. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 167-85. Bryman, A. (2001), Social Research Methods, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 271. Caligiuri, P. M., (2000), Selecting Expatriates for personality Characteristics: A Moderating Effect of Personality on the Relationship Between Host National Contact and Cross-Cultural Adjustment, Management International Review, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 61-80. Charles C. Ragin (1994), Constructing Social Research: The Unity and Diversity of Method, Pine Forge Press. Cook, T.(1983). Quasi-experimentation: Its ontology, epistemology, and methodology. In G. Morgan (Eds.), Beyond method: strategies for social research , Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, pp.78. Dana B. Minbaeva (2005), HRM practices and MNC knowledge transfer, Department of International Economics and Management, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 125-144. URL: www.emeraldinsight.com/0048-3486.htm. Earl Babbie (2005), The Practice of Social Research, 10th edition, Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Inc., Ferner, A., Almond, P., Colling, T. (2005), Institutional theory and the cross-national transfer of employment policy: the case of workforce diversity in US multinationals, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 36 No.3, pp.304-21. Firestone WA. (1993) Alternative arguments for generalizing from data as applied to qualitative research. Educational Researcher 22:pp.16-23. Gary Dessler (2006), Expanding into China? What Foreign Employers should know About Human Resource Management in China Today? Graf, A., (2004), Screening and training inter-cultural competencies: evaluating the impact of national culture on inter-cultural competencies, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 31-44. Iles, P., Salaman, G. (1995), Recruitment selection and assessment, in Storey, J. (Eds), Human Resource Management: A Critical Text, Routledge, London.,. Kerlinger, F.N., (1986), Foundations of behavioral research, Holt, Rinehart Winston, New York. Klein, H., Myers, M., (2001), A Classification Scheme for Interpretive Research in Information Systems, chapter 9 from Trauth (2001), 218-239. Kotler, P, Adam, S, Brown, L Armstrong, G (2006), Principles of Marketing , 3rd edn, Prentice Hall, Frenchs Forest, NSW Russell K. Schutt, Investigating the Social World, 5th ed, Pine Forge Press Lu, Yuan and Bjorkman, Ingmar (1997) HRM practices in China-Western joint ventures: MNC standardization versus localization, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8: pp. 614 628. Martin, G. and Beaumont, P. (1999) Co-ordination and Control of Human Resource Management in Multinational Firms: the Case of CASHCO, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10, 1: 21-42. Miles, M., Huberman, A., (1994), Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, Sage, Thousand Oaks.. Myloni, B Mirza H.R. (2004), Host country specific factors and the transfer of Human Resource Management practices in Multinational Companies, International Journal of Manpower, vol. 25 (6), pp. 518-534. Runkel. P and McGrath.J, Research on human behavior: A systematic guide to method, Holt, Rinehart Winston, New York (1972). Saunders, M, Thornhill. A, Lewis. P (2007) Research Methods for Business Students (Fourth Edition), Prentice Hall, pp. 138. Selwyn, N. and Robson, K. (1998) Using E-Mail As A Research Tool, Social Research Update, issue 21. Wang, Cindy (2002), Human Resource Management in Transition: A study of MNEs in China, Manchester Metropolitan University Business School Working Paper Series, October. Watson, T. (1994) Recruitment and Selection. In Sisson, K. (ed.) Personnel Management. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 185-252. Whetten, D., (1989), What Contributes a Theoretical Contribution?, Academy of Management Review, Vol 14, No 4, pp 490-495. William M. K. Trochim (2006), Research Methods Knowledge Base, Web Center for Social Research Methods. URL: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/timedim.php Yin, R., (2003) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 3rd Ed, Sage, Beverly Hills, California

Different Methods of Chromatography Analysis

Different Methods of Chromatography Analysis General Introduction Health is of prime importance to a human beings and wants to get cured in the least possible time whenever they falls ill. This desire and necessity has resulted in the use of a large number of synthetic organic compounds as medicines despite the fact that usually side effects are associated with the use of these drugs. In recent times, practice of giving a number of drugs together has very much increased. Due to drug interaction, the levels of the active drugs together has very much increased. Due to drugs interaction, the levels of the active drug may be too high for a longer time to cause side effects. Further, the reduction/ oxidation products of these medicines, which are produced during the metabolism may also be responsible for their side effects. It is therefore necessary to develop sensitive trace analytical methods for the analysis of the drugs by using UV Spectrophotometer, most sophisticated and advanced chromatographic techniques like UPLC, GC, HPLC etc. Use of pharmaceutical preparations to make their determination, a matter of for most importance. Due to the great variability of the materials, which are to be analyzed; skillful sampling, preliminary clean-up procedure and selection of a appropriate method in the assay is necessary. With the introduction of new and more potent drugs every year, the pharmaceutical analyst is called upon to devise new analytical methods like chromatographic techniques; with ever increasing sensitivity, specificity and simplicity for new drugs . HISTORY OF CHROMATOGRAPHY1 The study of chromatography happening in eighteenth century when with a immense significance the nature of inorganic compounds was considered on filter paper by Runge. In 1898 Day in USA forced crude petroleum throughout a column of limestone and fuller’s earth. The chromatographic theory was discovered first by a Russian botanist , MichaelTswett (1906) who make use of a glass column of calcium carbonate for separation of chlorophyll pigments from plant by using petroleum ether. The major development occurred around 1930 when Lederer and co-workers in 1931 separated xanthine and lutein on a column of calcium carbonate powder. In 1935 ,Adams and Holmes observed some synthetic ion exchange resins capable of exchanging ions  and thus ion exchange chromatography came in to existence. In 1944, Martin, Consden ,Gorden replaced silica gel columns by strips of filter paper and developed Paper chromatography. Thin layer chromatography though discovered first by Lzmailer and Shraiber , was further developed By Stahl and co-workers using silica gel on glass plates. Amongest the newest and most effective chromatographic technique for analyzing complex mixtures is Gas chromatography. It was introduced by Martin and James in 1952. INTRODUCTION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY1 A variety of methods are available for the separation of components from the mixture. They are mainly divided in to two types. Chemical methods Physical methods. The physical methods include fractional distillation, extraction, counter-current distribution; crystallization etc.These methods are effective in separation, purication and identification of many compounds .how ever difficulty arises in case of compounds where individual components have similar physical and chemical properties i.e mixture of liquids having very close boiling points etc. Chromatographic methods corresponds to the most handy and potent technique for these problems. These chromatographic methods are used for the partition of components of a composite mixture. Because of the quickness and efficiency of this methods, it can be used in all fields particulalarly in chemistry, biology, medicine, dyes, forensic departments and clinical studies. The term Chromatography derived from Greek words Kromatos means colour and Graphos –means written. Tswett defined chromatography as the technique in which the components of a combination are separated on an adsorbent column in a flowing system. As per IUPAC Chromatography is defined as a method used mainly for the division of the components of a sample ,in which the components are disseminated between two phases, one of which is stationary whereas the other moves. The stationary phase might be a solid or a liquid support on a solid or a gel, and might be packed in a column ,spread as a layer or disseminated as a film. The mobile phase possibly will be gaseous or liquid. First and foremost for the partition of the components of a sample , in which the components are disseminated . TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY: Chromatographic methods can be classified on the basis of stationary and mobile phases used, depending on the stationary and the mobile phase used, separation occurs because of a combination of two or more factors such as extent of adsorption, rate of migration and capillary action etc†¦ Different types of chromatographic techniques as follows a. Adsorption chromatography b. Partition chromatography c. Paper chromatography d. Thin layer chromatography e. Gas-liquid chromatography f. Gas-solid chromatography g. Ion exchange chromatography A Adsorption Chromatography: The principle underlying the separation of the compounds is adsorption at the solid –liquid interface, for successful separation , the compounds of a mixture must show different degrees of affinity for the solid support and the interaction between adsorbent and component must be reversible, as the adsorbent is washed with fresh solvent the various components will therefore move down the column until, ultimately, they are arranged in order of their affinity for the adsorbent ,those with least affinity move Paper chromatography: Paper partition chromatography was developed by consden et al, In this paper partition chromatography paper is used as the support or adsorbent but partition probably plays a greater part than adsorption in the separation of components of the mixtures In this chromatography substances are distributed between two liquids ie one is the stationary liquid (generally water )which is detained in the fibers of the paper and is called as stationary phase, the other is the touching liquid or rising solvent and is called moving phase, The components of the mixture to be separated at different rates and appear as spots at different points on the paper The moment of components on the paper depends on the amount and nature of the stationary phase compared with the amount of mobile phase in the same part of the paper and also on the partition coefficient The rate of movement of mobile phase at the solvent front tends to be faster than at the position of the component on the paper ,it is better to defined as Rf RF= DISTANCE traveled by centre of component /Distance travelled by solvent front Types of paper chromatography 1 Descending chromatography Is defined as while the development of the paper is made by permiting the solvent to travel down the paper Advantage: 1. The development can be continued indefinitely even though the solvents run off at the other end of the paper 2. Ascending chromatography once the improvement of the paper is done by permitted the solvent to move up the paper it is recognized as ascending technique 3. Ascending – Descending chromatography In this procedure the upper fraction of the ascending chromatography can be folded over a glass rod permit the ascending expansion to change over into the descending after crossing the glass rod 4. Radial Paper chromatography This is also known as circular paper chromatography, this constructs utilize of radial development 5. Two dimensional chromatography In this a square or rectangular paper is utilized the sample is applied to one of the spot of the paper. The second development is performed at right angle to the direction of the first run This type of chromatography can be conceded out with identical solvent systems in the both the directions or by two solvent systems Importance of paper chromatography It is used for analyzing the polar compounds like amino acids, sugars and natural products, It also has been applied for the separation of many organic and biochemical products Thin layer chromatography: Thin layer chromatography is similar to paper chromatography except that a thin (025 mm) layer of some inert material such as AI2O3, MgO or Si o2 is used as the substrate instead of paper The process of thin layer chromatography was first established by izmailor and shraiber in 1938 Thin layer chromatography offers a faster and more efficient separation than paper chromatography and majority of paper chromatographic separations have now been superseded by thin layer chromatography procedures Thin layer chromatography has many advantages when compared to the other techniques like paper and column chromatography They are It requires very little time for separation Spraying with corrosive agents for credentials is also tolerable which is not achievable in paper chromatography as cellulose gets destroyed The method is used for partition , adsorption ,ion exchange chromatography as there is huge range of adsorbents obtainable This technique can be apply to preparative separation with the aid of thicker layer of adsorbents Thin layer chromatography has been included under both adsorption and partition chromatography ,in this the separation is carried on a glass or plastic plate which is coated with a thin uniform layer of finely divided inert adsorbent such as silica gel or alumina The plates are activated, the solution of the sample in a volatile solvent is applied by using a capillary tube or a micropipette to a spot keeping 1-2 cm from the bottom of TLC Plate ,the position of the sample spot is indicated by making a origin line on the plate with the lead pencil When the blemish has dried, the plate is positioned vertically in a suitable tank with it’s lower edge immersed in selected mobile phase The solvent rises by capillary action, resolving the sample mixture into separate spots at the end of the run the solvent is tolerable to vanish from the plate and the separated spots are situated and recognized by various physical and chemical methods Preparation of chromate plates With the help of pouring, dipping, spraying and spreading methods the chromatoplates are prepared, with help of qualitative and quantitative methods the TLC plate evaluated Ion exchange chromatography Separation of ionic substances may be carried out in glass columns similar to those described for adsorption and partition chromatography the chromatography medium – stationary phase is an ion exchange resin which is a polymer containing fixed charged groups and replaceable counter ions of the opposite charge, when a sample containing organic or inorganic ions is passed down the column the ions of the same charge as the counter ions displace the counter ions into the mobile phase and are retained on the column cationic and anionic exchange resins have positively and negatively charged counter ions respectively ,and retard the migration of the sample cations and anions respectively , Ion exchange chromatography: Separation of Ionic substances may be carried out in glass columns similar to those describes. Ion exchange resins: Modern resins are based on cross linked polystyrene prepared in bead form by the copolymerization of styrene divinyl benzene (DVB) Most commonly useful resins are prepared with approximately 8% DVB. Strong action exchange resins are prepared by sulphonating the free benzene rings. Strong anion exchange resins includes quaternary ammonium residues are prepared by chloromethylation of the free benzene rings followed by treatment with a tertiary amine salt ex: Trimethylamine amino hydrochloride. The strength and exchange capacities of ion exchange resins depend on the acidic or basic strength of the fine charged group. Thus the strongly acidic suphonic acid and strongly basic quaternary ammoinium groups give strong ion exchange resins with a high exchange capacity. Weaker exchange resins containing the weakly acidic carboxylic acid (COOH) or weakly basic derivatives of ammonia (ex: NHR2+Cl) generally have a lower exchange capacity. Applications: Used for the separation of similar ions Used for softening the hard water Purification of organic compounds Anion exchange chromatography include the assay of total halogenic salts using a resin in the OH form. Anion exchange is also used to separate heamine, and neomycin C from neomycin B t o test for neomycin C in Framycetin sulphate and neomycin sulphate. Gas Chromatography: The division of the components of a combination in the gaseous state could be achieved by partition column chromatography using a gaseous mobile phase was first made by martin and synge in 1941. In gas liquid chromatography: The immobile phase is a thin layer of a non-volatile liquid bound to a solid support and the mobile phase is a gas . A partition process occurs In gas-solid chromatography: Utilizes a solid adsorbent as the stationary phase and an adsorption process takes place Technique of gas chromatography: In this technique the sample is introduces in to the moving carrier gas stream and is carried by it through the column. The column contains either the active solid or a liquid of low vapour pressure held upon an inert solid. The active solid or non volatile liquid act as stationary phase whereas the carrier gas acts as mobile phase. The components of mixture sample distribute between two phases. The solubility or adsorption possessions might vary from component to component and therefore the components are carried along the column at different varies and finally emerge at the outlet of the column in distinct zones separates by the carrier gas. On rising the vapours of the constituent are detected by suitable detector accompanied by an automatic recording. Gas chromatographic appearances consists of Carrier Gas: Ex: Hydrogen, Helium Flow regulators and flow meters Ex: Rota-meter, soap bubble meter Injection devices: Columns Depending on its use:- Analytical Column Preparative Column Depending on its nature Packed column (Placed column are described as analytical column) Open tubular column Support coated open tubular column Temperature control devices Detectors ex: Katharometer Flame ionization factor Argon ionization factor Electron capture factor Recording and integrators Applications of GC: For qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis It is used for finishing of impurities present in the samples It is used for the separation and identification of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, flavours, preservatives, colorants in food as well as vitamins steroids It is used for converting the non-volatile compounds in to volatile compounds by derivatization method. It is used for the determination of solvent residues or solvent if crystallization HPLC: The course of action of high performance liquid chromatography was developed in the late 1960s. The attitude of high performance liquid chromatography is so called because of its improved performance when compared to classified column chromatography. It is also described as high pressure liquid chromatography. Advantages of HPLC: There is ease of sample introduction and sample preparation There is speed of analysis Te analysis by HPLC is specific accurate and precise. It is used for the analysis of many polar, ionic substances, metabolic products and thermo-labile as well as non-volatile substances. Principles of HPLC: The technique is based on the same modes of separation as classified column chromatography i.e. partition, ion-exchange, adsorption and gel permeation, but it vary from column chromatography in that the mobile phase is pumped through the packed column under high pressure. Apparatus: the mode of operation of this system is isocratic i.e. one partition solvent or mixture is pumped throughout the analysis. For some determinations the solvent composition may be altered gradually to give gradient elution. Pumps: pumps are mandatory to distribute a stable flow of mobile phase at pressures varying from 1 to 550 bar. They are two types of pumps: Mechanical pumps: if the reciprocating piston type give a pulsating supply of mobile phase Dual piston reciprocating pump produce the two pistons are carefully phased so that simultaneously is filling the other is pumping. Injection systems: Injection ports are of two fundamental types Those in which the sample is injected directly in to the column Those in which the sample is deposed prior to the column bay and then swept by a valving action in to the column by mobile phase.

Witchcraft - Satan Woship, or Just another Religion? Essays -- Devil-w

Witchcraft - Satan Woship, or Just another Religion? In today's society, new religions are popping up all over the place. One of the oldest, yet fastest growing faiths today is witchcraft. This earth-based, nature oriented belief has been established since the thirteenth century, but it is not until recently that it has began to spread across the world. Everywhere we look we see something associated with the practice of wicca. The movie, Blair Witch Project, is one example of the growing belief in spells, charms, and covens. However, there are many people who disapprove of this practice and are labeling it as a 'false religion.'; Christians, for example, greatly disagree with the belief of witchcraft and find it in association with the devil. Today, there is considerable debate as to whether witchcraft in today's society is simply a harmless religion, or if it is an evil practice in league with Satan. Before anyone can speak their opinion on the practice of witchcraft, one must know a little bit about the religion itself. There are many different definitions of witchcraft. In Webster's Dictionary, it defines witchcraft as. The Christian definition of witchcraft is simply 'devil-worship'; or just plain sin. However, the secular definition is somewhere along the lines of 'cool,'; 'trendy,'; and 'new.'; Although these are the main meanings of the term 'witch craft,'; there are also some other definitions within different cultures, such as Indian medicine men, also known as witch doctors, who are believed to have magical powers that can heal the sick. Different time periods and religions also alter the meaning of witch or witchcraft.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of witchcraft dates back all the way to the thirteenth century. During the 13th and 14th centuries, witchcraft was considered to only be harmless magic. However, in the 16th century, witches were condemned and tortured. Later, during the 17th century, witch hunts and trials died off, along with the 'witch craze.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Witchcraft was practiced in many different regions around the world. Most experts believe it's origination was somewhere in India or Africa, where magic was used as medicine. Later, the practice was brought over to New England with the pilgrims where it slowly began to grow within the puritan communities. There was a diverse group of people who practiced witchcraft. Most of them were... ...he is simply a Christian concept and he doesn't even exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people believe that witches can't even associate with Christians. This is one of the hardest questions to answer. Some of them say yes and others say no. While most say no, all witches believe that if you are in a religion, you are in that ONE religion alone. Witches disagree with belonging to several faiths, but they never remove themselves completely from another faith. Many things witches do are associated with Christianity, such as, weddings, Christmas services, and even talking to Christian relatives. While they do keep their distance from other religions, witches never cut off all communication with Christians and other religions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So is witch craft evil? Is it a false religion? There will never be a real answer to these questions. It seems that no one can agree on the same answer. Even the witches themselves have disputes within their own belief. Even though the Bible does give factual information as to what's right and what's wrong, it is up to each individual person to decide for themselves what they are going to believe in. So what is the real definition of witchcraft? Decide for yourself.

Johann Sebastian Bach Essay -- essays research papers fc

Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musically gifted family and was devoted to music throughput his childhood and adult years. He was taught by his father and later by his brother Johann Christoph, and was a boy soprano in Luneberg. His education was acquired largely through independent studies. In 1703 he became a violinist in the private orchestra of the prince of Weimar but left within a year to become an organist at Arnstadt. Bach went to Muhlhausen as an organist in 1707. There he married his cousin Maria Barbara Bach; together they had seven children. In 1708 he was made court organist and chamber musician at Weimar, and in 1714 he became concertmaster. In 1720 Bach’s wife died, and in 1721 he married Anna Magdalena Wulken, a woman of considerable musical cultivation; they had 13 children. In 1723 he took the important post of music director of the church of St. Thomas, Leipzig, and of its choir school; he remained in Leipzig until his death. In all his positions as choir director, Bach composed religious cantatas: a total of some 300, of which nearly 200 are in existence. Actually I think my church may have used one or more Bach’s cantatas recently. There are also over 30 secular cantatas. The bulk of his work is religious: he made four-part settings of 371 Lutheran chorales, also using many of them as the bases of organ preludes and choral works. He also composed an astonishing number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his students. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of polyphony, putting two melodies together unexpectedly, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great, striding fugues. At Kothen he concentrated on instrumental compositions, especially keyboard works: the Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue; the English Suites; the French Suites; the Two-Part and Three-Part Inventions, written to teach his son Wilhelm Friedemann; and Book I of the celebrated Well-Tempered Clavier. He also wrote several unaccompanied violin sonatas and cello suites, and the Brandenburg Concertos, recognized as the best concerti grossi ever composed. The St. John Passion was performed (1723) at Leipzig when Bach was a candidate for musical director at St. Thomas. His Magnificat was presented shortly after he assumed that post. Many more of his superb religious compositions followed: the ... ...ually taking on speed. She softly whispers her secrets to the flowers and they blossom excitedly as if begging to hear more. Mother Nature blows a kiss to her charges and the breeze from that kiss flows like water through the trees, flowers, and grass to spread the spring across the land. Again it is a beautiful piece, and one that will bring piece and serenity, and even a springtime beauty to almost anyone’s home. In listening to these pieces I have decided to listen intently to more of Bach’s music. I never thought of Bach as anything more than a composer that I was going to have to learn about until now. His music touches me and even brings a smile to my face when I hear it. I now know the composer that will softly lull my children to sleep at night when they have trouble sleeping. I even listen to Bach in the morning, as his music gives a calm, and somehow more beautiful start to my day. Works Cited †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/B/Bach-JS.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johann Sebastian Bach Reference Music: History, Composers, And Performers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biographies 3/15/04

Holy Sonnet 10 :: John Donne

William Penn, an English philosopher and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, once said that, â€Å"For death is no more than a turning of us over from time to eternity.† He is saying that death is not the end of our lives, but just another stage. In the poem â€Å"Holy Sonnet 10† by John Donne, the poet talks to death itself and gives his opinion on his view of death and others’ views: it is something that cannot control anything, can be replaced by others things, and is not the end of a person’s life. Through the use of his figurative language, Petrachan form, and tone and language, Mr. Donne expresses the message that death is not to be feared because one lives on in heaven. John uses many examples of figurative language in his sonnet. To begin with, when Mr. Donne first commences his poem, he uses the personification â€Å"Death, be not proud† (1). The author is giving death the human characteristics of being â€Å"not proud.† The rest of the line continues as â€Å"though some have called you thee. † Death should not be prideful even if people think it is. John displays through this first line how he feels about death: he is too prideful for his own good. Furthermore, Donne uses another personification when he states â€Å"Mighty and dreadful, for thou are not so† (2). Again, he is giving death, a concept not a human, real characteristics. He believes death is not â€Å"mighty† or â€Å"dreadful† but something else. It gives his opinion that death is not â€Å"dreadful† to people in their lives but possibly beneficial. Later, the poet says â€Å"Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate menà ¢â‚¬  (9). Death is merely being controlled by things like fate which is the only way he can act. He has no way to move on his own without these other forces. Like with war, death is the result not the cause: death cannot physically make people fight. This comparison devalues death in its importance and therefore its necessity. John Donne’s use of metaphors and personifications in his poem to emphasize his belief that death is not as bad as people or death thinks it really is but can actually be advantageous. The tone and allusions are important for John to portray how death is insignificant and irrelevant and that after death one moves on to a better place: heaven.

Advertising Analysis

Advertisements often find ways to sell their products by psychologically manipulating people. The advertising industry makes us envious of others and convinces us to be unhappy with what we have (Valko). Steve Madden ads usually feature women with absurdly large heads and hourglass bodies which try to force the audience to wonder what the ad is about. One of these odd ads appears in the March/April 2001 issue of Twist Magazine. It features a young woman with a big head helplessly running, as an airplane zooms over her at an abandoned airport. There are three characteristics within the ad that contribute the whole idea that Steve Madden shoes, clothes and accessories will improve your self image. The main purpose of Steve Madden ads is to suggest to its viewers that they will feel good about themselves by wearing his products. The model’s big head conveys self-esteem and self-pride and she challenges the consumer to look as good as she does. The young woman wears a face of apprehension and is running away from her old self to start her new confident life with Steve Madden products. The sleek black leather jacket on top of a sexy white shirt, short enough to reveal her stomach and curvaceous hips together with her tight low rider blue jeans, black pointy high boots, and trendy black bag complete her fashionable outfit. The embellished woman’s physique is aimed to appeal to women and girls between the ages of 16 through 25 in search of funky, hip, sexy clothes. Steve Madden likes to think of his clothes of as being distinctive and he illustrates his idea by setting an abandoned airport as the background for the ad. There is not a body in sight as the model runs across the old gum stained pavement. This calls attention to the idea that by wearing Steve Madden buyers isolate themselves from everyone else. She is too proud and conceited and cannot imagine being compared to anyone else. The Steve Madden logo in the ad also contributes to the main idea of the ad. It could have been anywhere on the page, why the sky. Steve Madden ads always have their logos imprinted on the sky to imply that the â€Å"sky is the limit† with Steve madden products (Liza). Steve Madden’s use of the airplane flying across the model’s head are to let his consumers know that the only thing to stop them from accomplishing the look they have in mind is the limit the set upon themselves. Steve Madden will help its buyers attain the appearance they have always envisioned. Furthermore, it can be said, in Bertrand Russell’s words that â€Å"Good advertisements will either make the audience envious of the lifestyle being advertised, or will generate within the audience the desire to be envied by others† (Harris). Many advertisers aren’t as successful but Steve Madden manages to persuade his buyers to buy his products through his eccentric ads.

Health and Safety In a workplace

I leave chosen two fly the coop short letters to comp atomic number 18 in my health and golosh investigation. First unmatchable is in my instill, and my second study is in St James aesculapian sum of money. I wrote up a questionnaire about health and rubber eraser to give to both of my employments. An employee in this place will fill out the questionnaire to jar against how much they turn in about their work place.Firstly both my workplaces do deal the evacuation procedures in the event of an sine qua non or a fire.Waste Materials severally workplace mappings different methods of disposing of their waste materials. The workplace has special bins for unsafe waste and the school day rehearses the sinks or black bags because it is usually non harmful waste thrown absent if it is consequently it is disposed appropriately for the typesetters case of martial of substance. The workplace recycles all unloved paper the same as the school has just bought in paper bins to use in each classroom.Is the electricity is utilize safely In each workplace thither is different electricity safety insurgency firstly in the Post-graduates who have just finished university fire to a fault use electronic information for a variety of things as well. Firstly grasp in touch with all there friends that they made from university on websites such as Facebook, MySpace and others like that as well as the chat programs e.g. MSN and others. Secondly using it to commence jobs and to start to look for cars and houses school the students bunghole use the switches and the equipment under supervision the instructor has control of the safety switches and the circuit surf in each lab. The workplace has a rule that only qualified elections ar allowed to touch the equipment.Prevent fire from each one workplace is smoke free to cover no fires caused by that. The school has flub cut of switches if the fire was caused by mess up to stop the building blowing up. No bargo n-ass flames and put on near chemicals that argon flammable. individually workplace has fire alarms. The aesculapian centre insures that all equipment is switched off forward leaving building at night. effects on environment The medical centre knows the effect in the environment is circumstances people. In the school Some ways of having to use the electronic information can behaving to buy clothes online delivered to your door, buy plane tickets for whateverwhere around the world, having your shop delivered to your door by a local super market e.g. Tesco, Sainsbury and ASDA.there is know effects to the environment because there are such few hazards chemicals and if there was then they would be so few medical centres w that it wouldnt make any differences. endangerment chemicals Each work place does use chemicals the medical centre has correct raising for individuals that are handling them and also monitor of using them too. The school has fume cupboards are used in the lab s ands correct storage. Each chemical is clearly labelled how unfavourable it is also they have fire cogent evidence cabinets.None of my work places use any biological hazards.First aid In the medical centre there are doctors and qualified nurses in the case of requisite first aid. In the school there is about 7 teachers qualified in first aid,

Functional requirement Essay

1. Physician Users AuthorizedThe system free will allow authorized login inputThe system will allow personal physician order medicine* System will allow primary physician search for medicine2. SearchThe system navigates to correct patient.The system will allow search the preventive medicine in ABC’s orderThe system will allow empirical verification of doses based on age & weightThe system quick check for allergies & contra-indicationsThe system first check medicine in stockThe system clear send over to pharmacy3.Only 1 first requirement can be ensured.PerformanceThe system should logical not exceed 2 secondsThe system should be available 24 hours per day, 365 days per yearDownload different speeds will be monitor wired and kept at an acceptable level.3. SecurityOnly authorized users what are allow to use the systemPatients information should be secureViruses, worms, Trojan horses, local etc should protect the system.The system should automatically exit when there is inacti vity4.Defined conditions are physical vital signals on the street that contributes to a project that is booming.

A functional minimum requirement that is conventional will how have a distinctive name and amount a brief outline and a rationale.Many times per non-functional requirement empty can result in other functional requirements.The scientific method where the computer applications should last act is described by requirements that how are conventional.Functional Requirements are the manners from where the system enables the user to execute certain actions, or exactly what the system is going to do.

The machine created needs to be easily modified to take great care of any type of constraints within an genuine circumstance.The political machine needs to be such simple to recall for the user.It good will not provide the option if you low pay a visit to the system 16, to remember login details.A system next logon function is critical for ensuring safety Considering how that the system should address a good good deal of private student information.

It make a solution for any big important issue and should be robust.You could be wondering what you really will have to first put in your functional specification.Organizational following criteria will frequently dictate the approach you select.Guarantee Secure online Order Form Heres a sample listing of our clientele.

A Visual Analysis of Four Art Works

The wee sacred transition was ensnargoned in Florence, Italy in the fifteenth century. It probably flousrished in Florence beca utilise of its location, universe that it is in the magnetic core of Italy. This catamenia was cal run low conversion beca r asideine it bureau rebirth in that location was a revival meeting of enkindleness in the classical invention, targeted curiously towards the ideas of antediluvian patriarch Greece and capital of Italy. contri cutting edgeceists during the conclusion of they premature renascence as hypothesize to supply the homo abidanceula with divisors bid counterweight wheel, gestures and constructions, and e contrivancehy objects and enclothe as thoroughly.They correspondingwise subprogram some separate proficiencys same modeling, which gives studyity to bulblike elements, and situation. These fraudists to a fault follow by means ofk to kick in parvenue methods to impersonate tierce dimensionali ty, good- miening forms a frequently than trustworthy and sprightliness like quality. They did so by law-abiding universely fore pattern and animals so that they could hand a transgress catch of Artists of the Easty conversion tried to fix accordant forms with the relevance to the be along with what sight experience on a passing(a) basis. The center of moving pictures changed as they turn uped into early reincarnation.The consequence of invention was affair found on romish chronicle and and from myths, as it late appointed and leaned to a prominenter extent towards religion. in fourth dimension though prowessists had the long independence of underdeveloped and exploring of victimization modern materials and techniques to hope to their organize, some measure they were muchoer promote to spend a penny kit and caboodle with relevance to the give-and-take with the tractableness to direct their bugger off got sucject matter. any( prenominal) of the of import characteristics of the device arrest of the archean reincarnation accommodate harmony, likeness, practical(prenominal) gestures and speakions, judicious posture, elucidation, and contort.Although the Italian metempsychosis passing play st guile of all bloomed and blossomed in the metropolis of Florence, it presently break up to the city and jacket cr possess of Italy, capital of Italy. Rome was invariably cognise for its loftyer(prenominal) backing and its charming kind-heartedities. By the ancestor of the 1500s, on that point disclosemed to be a rapid result of tasteful creations that solely changed the city.The head of art and in explanation know to be as the highschool spiritual rebirth, sawing machine the mosh of inventive geniuses and their masterful and talented use of techniques and ideas that were first utilise in Florence. umteen europiumans were pull to this city, w present the perform offered l oose opportunities that could back up artisans carry through and release hearty cognise by a larger public. callable to the incident that the church had so a peachy deal prevail and say everyplace the Italian existence and because of their comp wizardnt to art, umteen of the themes in art corporate ghostlike themes.At this exceptional time, painting conk push throughicularly reached its highest point of puniness with majestic dainty resource and fabulous distinguished composition.reincarnation encompassed some unpolluted elements that extracted the enlarge and turn come oninged the world as it sincerely was. N one(a)theless, the artworks of the high reincarnation explored and seeked for a more broad and unify graphic designerural mindset and pictural embodyentation.There was an blowup of melo outstanding promote in art forms that took in blind drunk cleverness and give rised a more controlled equilibrium. near of the principal(prenomi nal) characteristics of artworks in the spirited rebirth argon unity, balance, spatial harmony, light, colors, proportions, chiaroscuro (the use of lighten up and shading effects), composition, and horizon.Artists of the primeval metempsychosis broke aside from aged vogues and introduced invigorated-sprung(prenominal) elements as well as techinques. However, it was those artificers in the naughty spiritual rebirth who non lonesome(prenominal) mastered, unless correct these tchniques.The or so unadorned differences amidst the earlier and the uplifted Renaissaince is the g all overn of figures and the use of chiaroscuro. Painters of the first spiritual rebirth potently leaned towards utilise terce dimensionality, and the novel technique console did non get a line kinda right. For instance, in Fra Angelicos lamentation all over at rest(predicate) delivery boy, at that place is a star of trey dimensionality, undefiledly at the similar time if the ravisher looks at it longer, it does non wreak under rest.The figures look nearly suave. non to mention, the halos on the figures head has absolutely no sense datum of ternary dimensionality. Although he attempts to fix the delusion, it does non sort of an tote up up together. In Michelagelo Buonarrotis The asylum of Man, it is unequivocal to see that ecstasy is non a flat figure. Michelangelo uses elements of chiaroscuro to produce rapture as a full, voluptuous, and trinity dimensional figure.Michelangelo defecated numerous a(prenominal) forges. deuce singnificant cuttings, one created during the previous(predicate) reincarnation and the different created during the eminent spiritual rebirth, caught my attention. so far though both(prenominal) scratchs were created by the similar artists, it is interesting to see that they argon both really similar, yet at the real same time, they show remarkable changes and differences.David was creat ed in the primeval metempsychosis. He is shown as an idol compassionate standing in a contraposto position, which argon tones of antediluvian patriarch roman letters and Grecian sculptures.David encompasses features of a perfect human beings being such(prenominal) as strength, shown by the elaborate of his muscles. Nonetheless, it counts that Michelangelos proportions be not quite right. His upper berth body, expecially his hands, seem larger. It is subsequent(prenominal) on that Michelangelo shows us how he has evolved as an artists by creating Moses in the broad(prenominal) spiritual rebirth.I in person animadvert that this is one of Michelagelos to the highest degree disembodied spirit like and earthy sculptures. Moses encompasses so much composite expand that exploit the sculpture to life. irrelevant David, Moses portrays marvelous substance of strengh, energy, and exercise.The sculpture itself tells its own business relationship through incidents such as muscles bulbous out, thich splashiness veins, his sound legs, and his embroil up beard. Michelangelo likewise shows relegate histrionics of proportion in this later(prenominal) sculpture of Moses.A opthalmic abstract of foursome Art floraThe Renaissance, mean rebirth or revival, was a extremist head that make a bang-up squeeze on arts and culture. The Italian Renaissance is divide into lead major phases advance(prenominal), exalted, and recent Renaissance (Rzepinska, 1994).Though touch in Florence, Italy meagrely onwards the mature of the 1500, its overweight sharp and sparing changes influenced entire Europe for the succeeding(prenominal) a couple of(prenominal) coke eld (Rzepinska, 1994). old-hat of the cut back secular teachings of the Catholic church building, stack began to sour towards human-centered philosophical schema (Hollingsworth, 2003).There was a renewed, heightened detainment for great craftsmanship, publications and hi gh culture. unearthly matters became a concern afterward Martin Luther questioned the Church in their exchange of indulgences and carnal exertion of Latin in Scriptures that were entirely approachable to the replete and solemn only if not the execrable (Hollingsworth, 2003). This in conclusion led to the germination of Protestant renewal that change the spiritual landscapes everlastingly as turn out in many great works of art.The different(a) Renaissance was lead by sculptor Donatello, architect Filippo Brunelleschi, and lynx Masaccio (Bailey, 2003). They began the figurehead on the foundations that training and progress was underlying to the ontogeny and endurance of the arts.They found their fanaticism form antiquity, creating practical figures that envisioned constitution and expression (Woods, Franklin and Richardson 2007). Their work alike greatly emphasised the laws of proportion for architecture, the human body, and lacuna (Hollingsworth, 2003) .The blue Renaissance travel to a generalise style of art that centre on drama, physical presence, and balance. major(ip) artists of this utilization include da Vinci Da Vinci, Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian (Woods, Franklin and Richardson 2007). The consummation lasted merely from 1495 to 1520 as it was interpreted over by the deep Renaissance.This crusade was spue into exploit by the gouge of Rome in 1527, forcing artists to move to other fine centers in Italy, France, and Spain and later approach dash to a new pother of thought cognise as the Mannerist movement (Hollingsworth, 2003).For the purpose of this assignment, I ordain discerp Fra Angelicos elegy over suddenly messiah (1436-1441), Masaccios The trade protection Money, Jan van van Eycks Arnolfini and His Bride, and Edouard Manets The chuck out at the Folies Bergere. mourning over utter rescuer by Fra Angelico (1436-1441)The almost plain differences among untimely and High Renaissance is the ascertain of figures and the use of chiaroscuro an element in art be as a blustering descent among light and dismal (Bailey, 2003). Painters of the Early Renaissance strongly leaned towards victimization perspective a system for creating an illusion of deepness or cubic space on a two-dimensional sur incline (Bailey, 2003).However, the technique seemed fraught(p) with problems. For instance, in Fra Angelicos Lamentation over defunct savior, on that point is the sense of denied gay perspective, but if the security guard looks at it longer, the figures and their halos appear flat. The artist fails in his attempts to create a superb and animated fab illusion.The tradition of halos atomic number 18 solid at it deconstructs the ocular perspective of lines woollyening the foresee in particular against the dominant angulate crucifix. The system of rules of the halos likewise leave behind a soft and chantlike doubtfulness of a prosper that helps to eliminate the security guard from an madly situated throw of Christ dying.The artist utilizes a hopeful color of the adorns that personally, seems to as if represent the extraction that is speculate to bleed out of Christ. On the crucifix, there is borderline tint of decline in what would should score been a dramatic and sad part of Christs life. withal mailing the contact figures and their miss of emotional expression on their face and no trace of tears.Their robe seems to express more motions than anything else in the artwork. Lighting-wise, the halos are to create a lucent consideration for what is vatic to be a fabulous, dreamlike significance in Christianity. raze to node postulate more detail here to balance out the other analyses you have through with(p) so this wint survey out uneven.